„Der reine Sportfotograf wird in der Masse nicht mehr wahrgenommen“
von René Martens
Lutz Bongarts war Inhaber der Sportfotogentur Bongarts, die er 2004 an Getty Images verkaufte. Seit 2006 führt er in Hamburg wieder eine eigene Agentur. Die Langfassung dieses Gesprächs (und ein weiterer Beitrag zum Thema Sportfotografie) sind in der aktuellen Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Visuell erschienen.
df: Wann haben Sie zum ersten Mal ein Fußball-Bundesligaspiel fotografiert?
Lutz Bongarts: Das war beim HSV, das muss 1977 gewesen sein.
df: Wie viele Fotografen waren damals im Stadion?
Bongarts: Die konnte man mit Handschlag begrüßen. Wenn es hoch kommt, waren es zehn. Heute sind es 40 bis 50.
df: Was sind darüber hinaus die wesentlichen Unterschiede?
Bongarts: Ich habe die Zeit noch erlebt, als es keine Werbebanden gab. Die Fotografen konnten sich am Spielfeld überall frei bewegen, auch rund um die Trainerbänke. Man konnte sich auch ganz flach auf den Boden legen. Das geht heute aufgrund der hohen Werbebanden nicht mehr. Das heißt, man bekam damals Perspektiven, die man heute nicht mehr bekommt.
df: Waren die zirka zehn Kollegen, die Ende der 70er Jahre bei einem Bundesligaspiel waren, reine Sportfotografen?
Bongarts: Ja, die kannten sich mit der Materie aus. Heute kommt es immer wieder vor, dass die Nachrichtenagenturen Kollegen ins Stadion schicken, die keine Affinität zum Sport haben und teilweise die Spieler gar nicht kennen. Aber sie erzielen aufgrund der modernen Technik, die ihnen zur Verfügung steht, gute Ergebnisse.
df: Wann sind die Nachrichtenagenturen zur Konkurrenz für die klassischen Sportfotografen geworden?
Bongarts: dpa war natürlich schon immer vertreten. Aber von einem Spiel haben die früher vielleicht drei Bilder auf den Markt gegeben, und die waren ziemlich unjournalistisch. Salopp gesagt, waren das Belegbilder. Es ging darum zu zeigen, dass dass man da war. Der Sport begann für die Nachrichtenagenturen interessanter zu werden, nachdem sich Ende der 80er-Jahre das Privatfernsehen etabliert hatte, was dazu beitrug, dass Sport insgesamt viel populärer und als Geschäft interessanter geworden ist. Im Internet-Zeitalter haben die Nachrichtenagenturen noch an Bedeutung gewonnen. Sie haben mit allen nennenswerten Medienunternehmen Pauschalverträge gemacht, so dass der Individuelle Fotograf oder die kleine Fachagentur kaum noch Chancen haben. Ob Spiegel Online oder stern.de: Die sind nicht mehr bereit, Geld auszugeben, um bei kleineren Agenturen einzukaufen. Die Sportfotos stammen immer aus denselben Quellen.
df: Hat das alles zur Folge, dass der reine Sportfotograf ausstirbt?
Bongarts: Es gibt ihn noch, aber er wird in der Masse nicht mehr wahrgenommen. Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland hatte einmal die besten Sportfotografen weltweit. Als ich anfing, war der Anspruch der Verleger sehr hoch, die Unterschiede zu Sportfotos aus dem südeuropäischen oder südamerikanischen Raum waren ziemlich deutlich. Durch die Digitalisierung haben sich die Unterschiede verflüchtigt. Viele können vieles, und dadurch haben die Nachrichtenagenturen die Chance bekommen, ein höheres Niveau zu erreichen. Letztlich stirbt ja nicht nur der Sportfotograf aus. Die Spezialisten in der Fotografie verschwenden generell, die Tendenz geht zum Allrounder.
df: Verstehen Sie selbst sich noch als reiner Sportfotograf?
Bongarts: Ich habe früher nie andere Sachen fotografiert, jetzt habe ich meinen Horizont erweitert. Sport ist aber der Schwerpunkt unserer Agentur Inside-Picture. Wir merken, dass wir davon leben können, aber bei weitem nicht mehr die Umsätze erzielen können, die wir früher mit der Agentur Bongarts erzielt haben.
df: Wie können die kleinen Fachagenturen und die Einzelkämpfer angesichts der Übermacht von dpa, Getty und Co. überhaupt noch existieren?
Bongarts: Indem sie fest für einen Verein arbeiten und zum Beispiel deren Websites und Stadionzeitungen bestücken. Dass sich Agenturen oder einzelne Fotografen an einen Verein binden, war früher völlig unüblich.
df: Wie groß ist denn überhaupt die Chance, ein Foto zu machen, das sich von anderen abhebt?
Bongarts: Natürlich wird es für den einzelnen immer schwieriger, Perspektiven zu finden, die außergewöhnlich sind. Hinter-Tor-Fotos, die mit einer Remote-Kamera, also einer ferngesteuerten Kamera entstehen, sind eine Option. Der Kollege Markus Gilliar hat mit so einem Foto von der Fußball-WM 2010 beim Sven-Simon-Wettbewerb für Sportfotografie gerade den ersten Preis gewonnen.
df: Wo stehen diese Remote-Kameras genau?
Bongarts: Zwischen Tornetz und Werbebande. Man muss sich mit dem Fernsehen absprechen, denn man darf die Bande nicht verdecken. Man muss die Kamera eine halbe Stunde vor Spielbeginn da anbringen und kann sie auch erst nach dem Spiel wieder wegnehmen. Die großen Nachrichtenagenturen haben teilweise mehrere. Beim Boxen bringen einige Kollegen Remote-Kameras unter dem Dach an, um eine ungewöhnliche Perspektive auf den Ring zu bekommen. Ich plane, demnächst eine an einem Flutlichtmast zu installieren.
Leseempfehlungen: Altes, Neues, Kurioses | "Reeses Sportkultur" schrieb am 18. April 2011:
[…] “Direkten Freistoß” Auszüge aus seinem Interview mit Lutz Bongarts veröffentlicht. Bongarts spricht über die Veränderungen in der Branche und meint „Der reine Sportfotograf wird […]
Klaus schrieb am 19. April 2011:
Früher war …mehr Lametta.
Christoph schrieb am 28. April 2011:
Früher war alles besser so klingt es durch in diesem Artikel. Kann sein, muss aber nicht.
Große Sportereignisse waren früher sicher freier zugänglich als heute, wo alles durch Zeitpläne geregelt und mit Managern besprochen werden muss. Das heisst aber nicht, dass es heute keine Nischen mehr gibt, in denen man arbeiten und Geld verdienen kann.
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